Polyphenols are a class of naturally occurring compounds that are found in a wide range of plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and herbs. These compounds are known for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which have been linked to a range of health benefits.
There are over 8,000 identified polyphenols, which can be broadly classified into four main groups: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans. Each of these groups contains a diverse range of compounds, many of which have unique health benefits.
Of all the polyphenols, some of the most potent include:
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): Found in green tea, EGCG is a potent antioxidant that has been shown to have anti-cancer properties.
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Resveratrol: Found in red wine, grapes, and some berries, resveratrol has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
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Curcumin: Found in turmeric, curcumin has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Quercetin: Found in apples, onions, and green tea, quercetin has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Anthocyanins: Found in berries, cherries, and grapes, anthocyanins have been shown to have potent antioxidant properties.
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Catechins: Found in tea, cocoa, and some fruits, catechins have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
To incorporate more polyphenols into your diet, try eating a variety of plant-based foods. Here are some foods that are particularly high in polyphenols:
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Berries: Blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries are all high in anthocyanins.
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Green tea: Green tea is particularly high in EGCG.
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Dark chocolate: Dark chocolate is high in flavanols, which are a type of flavonoid.
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Red wine: Red wine is high in resveratrol.
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Nuts: Walnuts, pecans, and hazelnuts are all high in polyphenols.
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Spices: Turmeric, cinnamon, and cloves are all high in polyphenols.
By incorporating more polyphenol-rich foods into your diet, you can reap the many health benefits associated with these potent compounds. As with all things, moderation is key, so aim for a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods.
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Sources:
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Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835915/
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Health benefits of polyphenols: A review – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/
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Health effects of green tea catechins in obese and diabetic individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6204375/
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Resveratrol as an Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Aging Agent: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164849/
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Curcumin, Inflammation, and Chronic Diseases: How Are They Linked? – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/
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Quercetin and its anti-allergic immune response – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261430/